{"id":35589,"date":"2020-08-26T08:00:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-26T06:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/?p=35589"},"modified":"2020-08-21T09:32:10","modified_gmt":"2020-08-21T07:32:10","slug":"luxury-venice-15th-16th-century","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/en\/luxury-venice-15th-16th-century\/","title":{"rendered":"Luxury in Venice in the 15th and 16th Centuries"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.22&#8243;][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;intro + Tessuti per arredi sontuosi&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.6&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>The pomp and ostentation of wealth have always been used as a symbol of power. In Venice, it involved both nobles and merchants and it reached its peak in the 15th and 16th centuries. The furnishings of private palaces, liturgical vestments, both men&#8217;s and women&#8217;s clothing and jewelry displayed an opulence that, in other Italian states, only princes could afford. This happened despite the sumptuary laws that tried to limit the expenses for luxury throughout Italy but that, in Venice, were often ignored.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Fabrics for Sumptuous Furnishings<\/h2>\n<p>These rules, mostly followed for rich female ornaments, were circumvented when it came to the embellishment of private homes.<\/p>\n<p>Historians and travelers of the time testify to the grandeur of the houses and palaces of noble Venetian families. The Bohemian diplomat Leo de Rozmital, on a mission to Venice in 1466, was amazed by the richness of the places where he stayed.<\/p>\n<p>He tells of a room worth an estimated 24,000 gold ducats (the so-called <em>zecchini<\/em>) which had an alabaster floor, a gilded silver ceiling, sheets embroidered with silver thread and pillows adorned with pearls and precious stones.<\/p>\n<p>A decree issued in 1476 forbade to exceed the cost of 150 <em>zecchini<\/em> to decorate a room, a sum that corresponds to about 25,000 current euros. It also explicitly prohibited the use of silk sheets and pillowcases, embroidered with gold and silver and embellished with pearls and gems; pillows adorned with jewels; blankets and cloth upholstery in precious yarns, brocade, satin and velvet. Instead, it allowed for simpler silk fabrics without embroidery.<\/p>\n<p>But, despite these prohibitions, homes were becoming more and more opulent. Silk velvet was much appreciated, especially the so-called <em>controtagliato<\/em> and soprarizzo, used to cover chairs, to create curtains, or to make cushions to be placed along the walls, in the Oriental style, as it was common in harems. There was the custom of giving a name to the rooms according to the tapestries that covered them: so there was the room of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/en\/handmade-velvets\/\">soprarizzo velvet<\/a>, that of the arras or that of gold.<\/p>\n<p>Velvet represented a status symbol and in the second half of the 15th century, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/en\/multi-coloured-velvets\/\">polychrome velvets<\/a> with Persian and Turkish decorative elements were very much in vogue. In the same period, the volumes of the designs became larger, with their contours highlighted by the different heights of the pile and illuminated by precious metal yarns.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=&#8221;2_3,1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;2_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;Tessuti per abiti principeschi&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<h2>Fabrics for Princely Clothing<\/h2>\n<p>In Venice, many laws also regulated the production and import of fabrics, particularly the finest such as silk velvet. The 15th and 16th centuries were the period of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/en\/origins-luxury-fabrics\/\">maximum splendor of textile art in Venice<\/a> and its protectionism: the aim was to maintain a very high quality of the local product and protect it from foreign competition. Venetian citizens were thus not allowed to wear clothes made with fabrics from abroad and the penalty was the public burning of the incriminated clothes and fabrics at Rialto.<\/p>\n<p>At the same time, the numerous sumptuary laws tried to contain the luxury of the clothes, limiting their width, the length of the train, the types of yarn and the precious stones used to make them. For their application, there were ad hoc guards who could carry out inspections in private homes and collect complaints. In particular, women were affected, but they often managed to elegantly circumvent the regulations, for example with pins that concealed the long train in at-risk situations.<\/p>\n<p>However, even for clothing, the rich and free Venice was not so firm in following these prohibitions. An important testimony comes from &#8220;Le memorie della famiglia Freschi&#8221;, a book now kept in the Marciana Library, which shows the shape of the luxurious clothes of the time.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The types of fabric used varied according to the season with a preference for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/en\/damasks\/\">damasks<\/a> in summer and velvets, especially <em>controtagliato<\/em> and soprarizzo, in winter. Velvet was also a status symbol in clothing, thanks to the depth and preciousness of the decoration obtained with the particular workmanship, such as that used for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/en\/?p=7182\">toga of the senators and procurators of the republic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=&#8221;1_3&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_image src=&#8221;http:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Memorie-della-famiglia-Freschi-Venezia.jpg&#8221; title_text=&#8221;Memorie della famiglia Freschi &#8211; Venezia&#8221; show_in_lightbox=&#8221;on&#8221; admin_label=&#8221;memorie famiglia freschi foto&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.1&#8243;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;%22Memorie della Famiglia Freschi%22 &#8211; illustrazione&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.3&#8243; text_font=&#8221;||on||&#8221; text_font_size=&#8221;12&#8243; text_line_height=&#8221;1em&#8221; background_color=&#8221;rgba(218,221,221,0.52)&#8221; text_orientation=&#8221;center&#8221; max_width=&#8221;600px&#8221; module_alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; saved_tabs=&#8221;all&#8221;]<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Memorie della Famiglia Freschi&#8221; book &#8211; portrait<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;3.25&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text admin_label=&#8221;conclusione&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.5.3&#8243;]<\/p>\n<p>Nowadays, while reflecting current taste and fashions, these unique and precious fabrics remain an element of distinction, both for furnishings and haute couture creations. The weaving techniques and high quality have remained the same so that this ancient tradition of craftsmanship is not lost.<\/p>\n<p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n<span class=\"et_bloom_bottom_trigger\"><\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What fabrics were loved by the rich patrician families? Let&#8217;s take a trip into the unbridled luxury of 15th and 16th century Venice.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":35582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" _builder_version=\"3.22\"][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.25\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"intro + Tessuti per arredi sontuosi\" _builder_version=\"4.5.1\"]<\/p><p>Lo sfarzo e l\u2019ostentazione della ricchezza sono sempre stati utilizzati come simbolo di potere. Consuetudine che a Venezia riguardava sia i nobili che i mercanti e che raggiunse il suo apice nel \u00a0XV e XVI secolo. Gli arredi dei palazzi privati, i paramenti liturgici, gli abiti sia maschili che femminili ed i gioielli, sfoggiavano un\u2019opulenza che, negli altri stati italiani, solo i principi potevano permettersi. Questo nonostante le leggi suntuarie che cercavano in tutta Italia di limitare le spese per il lusso ma che, a Venezia, venivano spesso ignorate.<\/p><h2>Tessuti per arredi sontuosi<\/h2><p>Queste norme, seguite per lo pi\u00f9 per i ricchi ornamenti femminili, venivano eluse quando si trattava di abbellire le abitazioni private.<\/p><p>Storici e viaggiatori dell\u2019epoca testimoniano della grandezza di case e palazzi di famiglie nobili veneziane. Il diplomatico boemo Leo de Rozmital, in missione a Venezia nel 1466, rimase stupito dalla ricchezza degli ambienti in cui soggiorn\u00f2.\u00a0 Racconta di una camera del valore stimato di 24.000 ducati d\u2019oro (i cosiddetti <em>zecchini<\/em>) che aveva il pavimento di alabastro, il soffitto d\u2019argento dorato, le lenzuola ricamate con filato d\u2019argento e cuscini ornati di perle e pietre preziose.<\/p><p>Nel 1476 venne emanato un decreto che proibiva di superare la spesa di 150 zecchini per adornare una stanza, somma che corrisponde a circa 25.000 euro attuali. Inoltre vietava esplicitamente l\u2019utilizzo di: lenzuola e federe di seta, ricamate d\u2019oro e d\u2019argento e abbellite con perle e gemme; cuscini ornati con gioielli; coperte e tappezzerie di panno in filati preziosi, di broccato, di raso e velluto. Consentiva invece tessuti di seta pi\u00f9 semplici, privi di ricami.<\/p><p>Ma, nonostante questi divieti, le abitazioni diventavano sempre pi\u00f9 sfarzose. Era molto apprezzato il velluto di seta, soprattutto controtagliato e soprarizzo, con il quale si ricoprivano le sedie, si creavano tendaggi, si confezionavano cuscini da sistemare sugli scanni lungo le pareti, alla moda orientale, ossia come si usava negli harem. Esisteva la consuetudine di dare un nome alle stanze a seconda delle tappezzerie che le ricoprivano: c\u2019erano cos\u00ec la stanza del <a href=\"http:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/velluti-manuali\/\">velluto soprarizzo<\/a>, quella degli arazzi o quella d\u2019oro.<\/p><p>Il velluto rappresentava uno status symbol e nella seconda met\u00e0 del \u2018400 erano molto in voga <a href=\"http:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/velluti-multicolore\/\">velluti policromi<\/a> con elementi decorativi persiani e turchi. Nello stesso periodo si ingigantiscono i volumi dei disegni, i cui contorni sono evidenziati dalle diverse altezze del pelo e illuminati da filati in metalli preziosi.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=\"2_3,1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\"][et_pb_column type=\"2_3\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"Tessuti per abiti principeschi\" _builder_version=\"4.5.1\"]<\/p><h2>Tessuti per abiti principeschi<\/h2><p>A Venezia, molte leggi regolamentavano anche la produzione e l\u2019importazione di tessuti, in particolare dei pi\u00f9 pregiati come il velluto di seta. I secoli XV e XVI sono il periodo di <a href=\"http:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/origini-tessuti-pregiati-venezia\/\">massimo splendore dell\u2019arte tessile a Venezia<\/a> e del protezionismo: lo scopo era quello di mantenere un\u2019altissima qualit\u00e0 del prodotto locale e proteggerlo dalla concorrenza straniera. I cittadini veneziani non potevano cos\u00ec indossare abiti confezionati con stoffe provenienti dall\u2019estero e la pena consisteva nel rogo pubblico, a Rialto, degli abiti e tessuti incriminati.<\/p><p>Contemporaneamente, le numerose leggi suntuarie cercavano di contenere il lusso per gli abiti, limitandone l\u2019ampiezza, la lunghezza dello strascico, le tipologie di filato e le pietre preziose utilizzati per confezionarli. Per la loro applicazione esistevano guardie ad hoc che potevano fare ispezioni in abitazioni private e raccogliere denunce. In particolare, erano colpite le donne, ma queste riuscivano spesso ad eludere elegantemente le disposizioni, ad esempio con spille che nascondevano il lungo strascico nelle situazioni a rischio.<\/p><p>Tuttavia, anche per l\u2019abbigliamento, la ricca e libera Venezia non era cos\u00ec ferma nel seguire questi divieti. Un\u2019importante testimonianza ci viene dal \u201cLe memorie della famiglia Freschi\u201d, libro oggi custodito nella Biblioteca Marciana, che mostra la foggia dei lussuosi abiti dell\u2019epoca.<\/p><p>Le tipologie di tessuto utilizzate variano a seconda della stagione con preferenza per i <a href=\"http:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/damaschi\/\">damaschi<\/a> in estate e velluti, soprattutto controtagliato e soprarizzo, in inverno. Il velluto \u00e8 uno status symbol anche nell'abbigliamento, grazie alla profondit\u00e0 e preziosit\u00e0 del decoro ottenuto con le particolari lavorazioni, come ad esempio quello utilizzato per la <a href=\"http:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/abiti-senatori-veneziani-seicento\/\">toga dei senatori e procuratori della repubblica.<\/a><\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\"1_3\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_image src=\"http:\/\/www.luigi-bevilacqua.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Memorie-della-famiglia-Freschi-Venezia.jpg\" title_text=\"Memorie della famiglia Freschi - Venezia\" show_in_lightbox=\"on\" admin_label=\"memorie famiglia freschi foto\" _builder_version=\"4.5.1\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_text admin_label=\"%22Memorie della Famiglia Freschi%22 - illustrazione\" _builder_version=\"4.5.1\" text_font=\"||on||\" text_font_size=\"12\" text_line_height=\"1em\" background_color=\"rgba(218,221,221,0.52)\" text_orientation=\"center\" max_width=\"600px\" module_alignment=\"center\" saved_tabs=\"all\"]<\/p><p>\"Memorie della Famiglia Freschi\" - illustrazione<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=\"3.25\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"3.25\" custom_padding=\"|||\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text admin_label=\"conclusione\" _builder_version=\"4.5.1\"]<\/p><p>Al giorno d'oggi, pur riflettendo il gusto e le mode attuali, questi tessuti unici e preziosi rimangono un elemento di distinzione, sia per arredi che per creazioni di alta moda. Le tecniche di tessitura e l\u2019altissima qualit\u00e0 sono rimaste le stesse, perch\u00e9 non vada persa questa antica tradizione artigianale.<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-35589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-history"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Luxury in Venice in the 15th and 16th Century<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"What fabrics were loved by the rich patrician families? 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